Internal-combustion engine



May 16, 1950 D. w. MORRIS INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE 4 Sheets-Sheet 1Filed Sept. 28, 1946 INVENTOR. .@wfm BY 09V@ TToeA/EX May 16, 1950 D. w.MORRIS 2,507,923

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Sept. 28, 1946 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN V ENTOR.

TTOENEY.

May 16, 1950 p. w. MORRIS mTERNAL-comus'rzou ENGINE 4 Shee'cs--Shee'tI 3Filed Sept. 28, 1946 INVENTOR.

M www Y meer May 16, 1950 D. w. MORRIS INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE 4Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Sept. 28, 1946 llvwszvrolvn @am/Mm 5/21 a. www

Patented May 16, 1950k INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE Donald W. Morris,North Hollywood, Calif., as-

signor to Morris Development Co., Los Angeles, Calif., a copartnershipApplication September 28, 1946, Serial No. 700,000

20 Claims. '(Cl. 123-51) This invention relates to engines of theopposed piston type, and more particularly to such engines in which thepistons are relatively angularly offset.

Typical of opposed piston types of engines is the type known in the artas the two crankshaft, diamond engine. This type engine is characterizedby a pair of crank shafts usually extending horizontally one above theother. Angularly offset cylinders are disposed between the two crankshafts to form a diamond, with a crank shaft at each end of the longaxis and a combustion chamber at each end of the short axis.

It is known in this type of engine, which is often of the Diesel type,to. provide cylinders with cylinder liners which may be removed from theengine framework or block for servicing or replacing. In certain knowntypes of engines it is necessary to remove the liners from the crankshaft, or rear, ends of the cylinders. This necessitates completeremoval, or at least substantial displacement of each crank shaft, sothat the liners may be removed past the crank shafts.

In certain other types of engines, the complete cylinder and headassembly must be removed as a unit, which necessitates that the sides ofthe.

framework or block be completely open, resulting in a structure which isnot rigid and is bulky due to clearance required.

It is an object of this invention to provide a two crank shaft engine ofthe type having a plurality of pairs of cylinders disposed between thecrank shafts, and so arranged that the cylinders may be removed withoutdisturbing the crank shafts. i It is an object of this invention toprovide a two crank shaft engine of the type having a plurality of pairsof cylinders disposed between the crank shafts, wherein the cylindersmay be removed in a direction away from the respective crank shafts withwhich they are associated.

It is another object of this invention to provide a two crank shaftengine of the type having pairs of angularly displaced cylinders betweenthe crank shafts removably supported in a, frame, the head ends of eachpair of cylinders being in adjacent relation, with an opening in theframe adjacent said head ends, through which the cylinders of each pairmay be removed, and a removable closure for said opening.

It is another object of this invention to provide such an engine whereinthe closure has a cylinder head forming portion adapted to be interposedbetween the adjacent ends of each 5b pair of cylinders, against whichsaid cylinders seat.

It is another object of this invention to provide such a closure whereinthe head portion forms a common combustion chamber, establishingcommunication with the cylinders of each pair.

In the operation of an internal combustion engine, the numerous coactingparts of the engine tend to change dimensions Iby expansion, from coldoperation to hot operation. Furthermore, due to internal operatingstresses, the relative dimensions of coacting parts often change. Morespecifically, such changes occur between a cylinder head and an abuttingcylinder or cylinder liner.

It is another object of this invention to provide a joint between acylinder head and a cylinder which is tight under all conditions ofoperation, and which is free to permit of minute shifting required toadjust the joint to the various operating conditions encountered duringthe use of an engine.

More specifically, it is an object to provide such a joint in which thejuncture between cylinder head and cylinder is provided throughcomplementary annular bevelled surfaces on the two abutting parts.

It is known to utilize in the cylinders of internal combustion engines apiston universally mounted on the end of a connecting rod, whereby thepiston is free to adjust itself to minute angular shifts between thecylinder and the crank shaft.

It is thus another object of this invention to provide an engine havinga universally mounted piston, in which the cylinder in which said pistonreciprocates is mounted in such manner as to shift, and compensate forminute changes in engine dimensions due to the effects of temperatureexpansion, wear, and internal stresses.

It is another object of this invention to provide improved exhaustpassage forming means for an internal combustion engine having aplurality of cylinders disposed in side by side relation and havingannular exhaust ports.

This invention possesses many other advantages, and has other objectswhich may be made more easily apparent from a, consideration of oneembodiment of the invention. For this purpose there is shown a form inthe drawings accompanying and forming part of the present specification.This form will now be described in detail, illustrating the generalprinciples of the invention; but it is to be understood that thisdetailed description is not to be taken in a limiting sense since thescope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a sectional view taken transversely of a diamond type engineembodying the principles of this invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged view similar to Figure 1, showing particularlythe cylinder head and the abutting, angularly offset, opposed cylinders;

Figure 3 is a side view of the engine taken along line 3 3 of Figure 2showing especially the external appearance of the removable cylinderhead' Figure 4 shows the clamping ring, or plate, serving to hold acylinder against the cylinder head, the view being taken on line 4-4 ofFigure2:

Figure 5 is a view taken on line 5-5 of Figure 4, showing a crosssection of the clamping ring including a cross section of the cylinder;

Figure 6 is a horizontal sectional view of the cylinder head taken alongline 5 6 of Figure 2:

Figure 7 is an elevational view of the cylinder head alone, removed fromthe engine;

Figure 8 is an enlarged sectional view of the joint between a cylinderand the cylinder head; and

Figure 9 is a sectional view showing an alternative form of joint.

In Figure 1, II represents a diamond type engine having a frame or blockproviding cylinder receiving portions or frameworks I2, I3, I4 and I5.Within these portions I2-I5 are included, respectively, cylinders I6,I1, I8 and I9. On each side of engine II are openings 2| and 22,respectively adjacent the outer ends of the portions I2, I3, Hand I5 andthe adjacent head ends of cylinders I6, I8 and I1, I9. Through theseOpenings the cylinders I6I9 may be removed from the engine forservicing. When engine II is in use, openings 2| and 22 are closed byclosure plates 23 and 24, having cylinder head portions 25 and 26,respectively, thereon extending into the engine. Cylinder head portions25 and 23 have openings 21 and 28, respectively, therethroughcommunicating with the forward or head ends of the respective opposedcylinders with which they are associated.

A bottom crank shaft 3l carries, among others not shown, pistons 32 and33 on the ends of connecting rods 34 and 35 respectively. Pistons 32 and33 reciprocate in cylinders I5 and I9, respectively. The diamond-shapedconfiguration is completed by an upper crank shaft 36 having mountedthereon connecting rods 31 and 38 carrying pistons 35 and 4I, whichlatter reciprocate in cylinders I6 and I1 respectively.

Intake air is supplied to engine I I by way of top cylinders I6 and I1through a series of ports 42 and 43 which are directed inwardly with aslight tangential component, whereby to impart a swirling motion to theintake air as it enters the cylinders. The series of ports 42 and 43extend completely around the cylinders I5 and I1, respectively, and aresupplied with air by longitudinally extending manifolds 42a and 43a.

scavenging or exhaust is effected by way of bottom cylinders I3 and I3through a series of ports 44 and 45 which extend aroundthe cylinders I3and I3 respectively. The series of ports 44 communicates with an annularspace 44-a (Fig. 5) formed in the respective framework portion I4, whichspace 44-a in turn communicates with an exhaust chamber or passage 46extending longitudinaily between the cylinders I3 and Il, as well aswith an outside manifold or passage forming means 44-b. The insidechamber 43 also communicates in a similar manner with the series ofports 45, an outside manifold 45-b also being provided as before. Byproviding inside and outside manifolds, the size of the spaces as 44-arequired for free exhaust of the spent gases is reduced. allowing thecylinders of each row to be closely spaced and reducing the overalllength of the engine.

Referring now to Figure 2, an enlarged view of one of the obtuse, sidecorners of the diamond is shown illustrating particularly the unitaryplate and cylinder head 23-25. This view illustrates a fuel injector 41mounted in the center of plate portion 23 and supplied with fuel throughpipe 48. In the conventional manner, air is compressed between pistons32 and 33 within opening 21, which forms a combustion chamber. Uponinjection of fuel from injector 41 combustion occurs, forcing thepistons apart.

In assembling the cylinders I6 and I6 and the head 25 into the engine,closure plate 23 is fitted over opening 2I with cylinder head portion 25extending into the framework of engine I I. Dowl pins 49 serve toproperly align plate 23 around opening 2I, the anchoring thereof beingeffected through bolts 5I and 52. As shown in Figure 3, each of thesebolts serves the dual function of holding two adjacent plates 23 to theengine frame by virtue of cooperating semicylindrical bores at the edgeof each plate, two of which together form the complete bore for thebolts 5I and 52.

As best seen in Figures 2 and 7, cylinder head portion 25 of closureplate 23 has annular outer bevelled surfaces 53 and 54 adjacentrespectively the ends of opening 21. Annular surface 53, representativealso of surface 54, forms an outer bevelled seat, against which abutsthe inner bevelled surface 55 on cylinder I6. The annular abuttingsurfaces 53 and 55 are preferably formed at slightly differentinclinations, so that when the cylinder I6 is seated against the head25, a single line circular contact is provided. A metal to metal seal isthus provided which, by virtue of the diiferent angle of the beveledsurfaces 53 and 55, maintains its effectiveness throughout slightrelative shifting between the cylinder I6 and the head 25.

For this purpose it may be desirable to make one or both of the surfacescurved about a point on the center line of the cylinder I6. Thus, inFigure 8, the surface 53 on the head forming portion 25 is shown ascomprising a spherical zone, the annular surface 55 on the cylinder I5being conical. Optionally, the abutting surface on the cylinder I6 maybe formed as a spherical zone, the surface on the head forming portion25 being conical, as shown in Figure 9.

To fortify this joint, an elastic sealing ring 51, fabricated preferablyof heat resistant material, may be inset in one of the abuttingsurfaces, as for example in cylinder I6 adjacent head portion 25, beingdisposed preferably outside the metal-to-metal seal 56, in whichposition it is protected from the deleterious effect of hot combustiongases at the joint. Sealing ring 5.1 also serves to prevent water fromthe cooling jackets surrounding the cylinder I6 from penetrating to themetal-to-metal seal at 56.

To facilitate assembly and disassembly, and also in order to permit eachcylinder, as I5, to adapt itself to seat 53 on cylinder head portion 2l,the anchoring means for holding cylinder Il against the seat is disposedat the opposite end of cylinder I8 from head portion 25. A typicalarrangement is shown in Figure 5, wherein clamping ring 58 isillustrated, having an internal skirt portion 59 bearing against anannular flange 6I on cylinder I8. Clamping ring 58, as shown in Figure4, is attached to the rear of framework I4 by means of four bolts 62. Asshown in Figure 5, cylinder I8 may be forced against seat 54 of headportion 25 at any desired pressure, depending on the torsional forceapplied to bolts 82. v

As mentioned hereinbefore, each cylinderreceiving portion of the frame,for example that indicated by the numeral I2, comprises rings 83 and i4at the center and crank shaft and, respectively, thereof. In theseopenings are held ring portions 65 and 66 formed integrally on cylinderI8, the latter being of smaller diameter than the former -to facilitateremoval of cylinder I8 through opening 2I, in a manner to be described.Sealing rings 61 and 68 serve to isolate the intake chamber definedbetween portions 63 and 64 of framework I2, and the cooling waterchamber defined between portion B3 and the upper end of cylinder I6.

The skeleton-like construction of the frame portions I2 and I4, withopening 2|, and the employment of the removable closure plate andcylinder head 23-25, permits of removal of each the cylinders I 6 and I8through the outer ends of the respective frame portions I2 and I4.

In removing the cylinders, clamping rings 58 are first taken off and thecylinders I6 and I8 forced down toward their respective crank shaftsenough to clear the annular seats on cylinder head portion 25. Afterremoval of the fuel injection supply system, including pipe 48. bolts 5Iand 52 are removed, allowing closure plate 23 with its cylinder headportion 25 to be removed entirely from the frame of engine II. One ofthe cvlinders I6. for example, is then pushed forwardly within itsframework. By virtue of the configuration of frame portion I2, and thesmall outer diameter of ring portion 66 on cylinder I6 compared to theinner diameter of ring 83 on frame portion I2, cylinder I6 may be skewedaround sufficiently to be removed through opening 2I. Cylinder I8 isremoved in a similar manner. Replacement of the cylinders is effected byreversing the above procedure.

It will be noted in Figures 2 and '7 that opening 2'I is flared at eachend thereof. as shown. for example, at 1I. This divergence of the wallsof opening 21 permits of entry of the converging walls 'I2 of thecorresponding piston 39, whereby the compression chamber is made morecompact, allowing of better fuel distribution and hence bettercombustion, with attendant increase in engine efficiency. In operation,the flared. cooperative configuration of walls 'II and 'I2 causes aturbulence to be created in combustion chamber 21, as the remaining airis squeezed from the diminishing annular space between these walls bythe advance of piston 39. This turbulence effectuates a more efficientcombustion in the chamber. Turbulence is also effected by the slighttangency of inlet port 42 which imparts swirling to the air, asmentioned hereinbefore.

The universally adjustable seating of thel cylinders on their respectiveseats readily adapts this construction to the employment of auniversally connected piston. Such an arrangement is shown in' Figure 2,wherein piston 32 has been cut away to show at I8 a universal, or balland socket, type of connection between piston 32 and its rod 84.

It is to be understood that theexplanation set forth above concerningcylinder I8 applied equally to each of the cylinders Il, I8 and I9.

.As will be noted byreference to Figures 6 and 7, circulation of coolantaround the combustion chamber formed by opening 21 is effected by theprovision of an annular cooling channel 'I4 immediately surrounding thechamber.

I claim:

1. A cylinder head for an opposed piston type internal combustionengine; comprising a, plate adapted to fit over an opening in the engineadjacent the forward ends of opposed cylinders and to form a closure forthe opening, a cylinder head portion on said plate extending therefrominto the engine and having an opening therethrough adapted tocommunicate between said forward ends of said cylinders and to form acombustion chamber, said opening having at each end thereof divergingwalls, thereby adapting each end of said opening to receive theconverging end walls of the head of a piston, and beveled, annularsurfaces around the outer edge of said opening at each end thereofforming seats for opposed cylinders.

2. In an internal combustion engine having a pair of opposedcylinder-receiving portions, the combination of a separate, removablecylinder head fitting between said portionsat the respective forwardends thereof` and having an opening communicating between the forwardends of said portions and forming a combustion chamber, said headhaving, around the edge of each end of said opening, annular beveledsurfaces adjacent said forward ends of said portion, forming cylinderseats, cylinders in each said portion having annular beveled surfacescomplementary to the bevel of said seats and abutting said seats, one ofsaid surfaces being of convex cross section, and means holding saidcylinders against said seats.

3. An internal combustion engine having a framework defining two opposedangularly offset cylinder-receiving portions, the outer part of saidframework adjacent the juxtaposed heads of said opposedcylinder-receiving portions having an opening therein large enough topass a cylinder, a pair of cylinders held respectively in saidcylluder-receiving portions of said framework, a closure plate closingsaid opening, a cylinder head portion on said closure plate extendinginto the engine and having an opening therethrough communicating betweensaid cylinders and forming a combustion chamber, a first pair ofannular, beveled surfaces, one around each end of said opening formingcylinder seats, a second pair of annular beveled surfaces, one on theend of each said cylinder abutting said seats, and means holding saidcylinders against said seats.

4. An internal combustion engine having a framework defining two opposedangularly offset cylinder-receiving portions, the outer part of saidframework adjacent the juxtaposed heads of saifi opposedcylinder-receiving portions having an opening therein large enough topass a cylinder, a pair of cylinders held respectively in saidcylinderreceiving portions of said framework, a closure plate closingsaid opening, a cylinder head portion on said closure plate extendinginto the engine and having an opening therethrough communicating betweensaid cylinders and forming a combustion chamber, a first pair ofannular. beveled surfaces, one around each end of said opening formingcylinder seats, a second pair of annular beveled surfaces, one on theend of each said cylinder abutting said seats, one of said pairs ofsurfaces constituting an inner bevel, the other of said pairs ofsurfaces constituting an outer bevel, and means on the respective endsofsaid cylinders remote from said second pair of surfaces holding saidcylinders against said seats.

5. An internal combustion engine having a framework defining two opposedangularly offset cylinder-receiving portions, the outer part of saidframework adjacent the juxtaposed heads of said opposedcylinder-receiving portions having an opening therein large enough topass a cylinder, a pair of cylinders held respectively in saidcylinder-receiving portions of said framework, a closure plate closingsaid opening, a cylinder head portion on said closure plate extendinginto the engine and having an opening therethrough communicating betweensaid cylinders and forming a combustion chamber, a first pair ofannular, beveled surfaces, one around each end of said opening formingcylinder seats, a second pair of annular beveled surfaces, one on theend of each said liner abutting said seats, one of said pairs ofsurfaces constituting an inner bevel, the

other of said pairs of surfaces constituting an outer bevel, andclamping rings around the respective ends of said cylinders remote fromsaid second pair of surfaces holding said cylinders against said seats.

6. In an internal combustion engine having means forming a cylinderreceiving portion, the combination of: cylinder head forming meanshaving an annular seat positioned over the outer end of said portion; acylinder mounted in said portion having an annular surface at one endfor engaging said seat; and means adjacent the opposite end of saidcylinder securing said cylinder on said seat.

'7. In an internal combustion engine having means forming a cylinderreceiving portion, the combination of cylinder head forming means havingan annular bevelled seat positioned over the outer end of said portion;cylinder forming means mounted in said portion, said means comprising acylindrical wall bevelled at one end to form a surface for engaging saidseat; and means securing said cylinder on its seat.

8. In an internal combustion engine having means forming a cylinderreceiving portion. the combination of: cylinder head forming meanshaving an annular bevelled seat positioned over the outer end of saidportion; cylinder forming means mounted in said portion, said meanscomprising a cylindrical wall bevelled at one end to form a surface forengaging said seat; and means adjacent the opposite end of said cylindersecuring the cylinder on its seat.

9. .In an internal combustion engine of the opposed piston type: a pairof cylinders; means forming a frame having receiving portionsrespectively for said cylinders, there being an opening in said framemeans adjacent the head ends of said cylinders; a closure for saidopening, having a head forming portion insertible therethrough forinterposition between said cylinders; means forming oppositely directedannular seats on said portion, seating surfaces respectively on the headends of said cylinders; and means securing said cylinders with saidsurfaces respectively engaging said seats.

10. In an internal combustion engine having a pair of spaced parallelcrank shafts and at least a pair of cylinder forming means extendingtoward each other respectively from said shafts 8 with their axesangularly displaced, and in end to end relation, said engine includingframe forming means providing cylinder receiving portions for mountingsaid cylinder forming means: there being an opening in said frameforming means adjacent the head ends of said cylinders through whichsaid cylinder forming means are optionally insertible and removable;means detachably securing said cylinder forming means respectively insaid portions; and a demountable closure for said opening, includinghead forming means for said cylinders.

ll. In an internal combustion engine having a pair of spaced parallelcrank shafts and at least a pair of cylinder forming means extendingtoward each other respectively from said shafts with their axesangularly displaced, and in end to end relation, said engine includingframe forming means providing cylinder receiving portions for mountingsaid cylinder forming means; there being an opening in said frameforming means adjacent the head ends of said cylinders through whichsaid cylinder forming means are optionally insertible and removable; ademountable closure for said opening, including head forming meansinsertible through said opening to a position between the head ends ofsaid cylinders; and means urging said cylinder forming means to seatagainst said head forming means.

12. In an internal combustion engine having a pair of spaced parallelcrank shafts and at least a pair of cylinder forming means extendingtoward each other respectively from said shafts with their axesangularly displaced, and in end to end relation, said engine includingframe forming means providing cylinder receiving portions for mountingsaid cylinder forming means: there being an opening in said frameforming means adjacent the head ends of said cylinders through whichsaid cylinder forming means are optionally insertible and removable; ademountable closure for said opening, including head forming meansinsertible through said opening to a position between the head ends ofsaid cylinders; and means respectively adjacent the ends of saidcylinder forming means remote from said head ends urging said cylinderforming means to seat against said head forming means.

13. In an internal combustion engine having a pair of spaced parallelcrank shafts and at least a pair of cylinder forming means extendingtoward each other respectively-from said shafts with their axesangul-arly displaced, and in end to end relation, said engine includingframe forming means providing cylinder receiving por- -tions formounting said cylinder. forming means;

there being an opening in said frame forming means adjacent the headends of said cylinders through which said cylinder forming means areoptionally insertible and removable; a demountable closure for saidopening, including head forming means insertible through said opening toa position between the head ends of said cylinders; said means having athrough opening for establishing communication between said cylinders;oppositely directed annular seats on said means extending about saidopening; annular seating surfaces respectively on the head ends of saidcylinders; and means urging said cylinders to cause said surfaces toengage said seats.

14. In an internal combustion engine having a pair of spaced parallelcrank shafts and at least a pair of cylinder forming means extendingtoward each other respectively from said shafts with their axesangularly displaced, and in end to end relation, said engine includingframe forming means providing cylinder receiving portions for mountingsaid cylinder forming means: there being an opening in said frameforming means adjacent the head ends of said cylinders through whichsaid cylinder forming means are optionally insertible and removable; ademountable closure for said opening, including head forming meansinsertible through said opening to a position between the head ends ofsaid cylinders; said means having a through opening for establishingcommunication between said cylinders; oppositely directed bevelledannular seats on said means extending about said opening, said cylinderseach comprising a cylindrical wall bevelled at its head end to form aseating surface; and means urging said cylinders to cause said surfacesto engage said seats.

15. In an internal combustion engine having a pair of spaced parallelcrank shafts and at least a pair of cylinder forming means extendingtoward each other respectively from said shafts with their axesangularly displaced, and in end to end relation, said engine includingframe forming means providing cylinder receiving portions for mountingsaid cylinder forming means: there being an opening in said frameforming means adjacent the head ends of said cylindersv through whichsaid cylinder forming means are optionally insertible and removable; ademountable closure for said opening, including head forming meansinsertible through said opening to a position between the head ends ofsaid cylinders; said means having a through opening for establishingcommunication between said cylinders; oppositely directed bevelledannular seats on said means extending about said opening, said cylinderseach comprising a cylindrical wall bevelled at its head end to form aseating surface; and means respectively adjacent the ends of saidcylinders remote from said head end for securing said cylinders on saidseats.

16. In an internal combustion engine having means forming a cylinderreceiving portion, the combination of: cylinder head forming meanshaving an annular seat over the outer end of said portion; a cylindermounted in said portion having an annular surface at one end forengaging said seat, and an oppositely directed annular surface axiallyspaced therefrom; and means engaging said oppositely directed surfaceand secured to said portion for urging said cylinder toward said seat.

17. In an internal combustion engine having means forming a cylinderreceiving portion, the combination of: cylinder head forming meanshaving an annular seat over the outer end of said portion; a cylindermounted in said portion having an annular surface at one end forengaging said seat; and means including a ring member coaxial with saidcylinder and secured in sainz. portion for securing said cylinder onsaid m means forming a cylinder receiving portion, the combination of:cylinder head forming means having an annular seat over the outer end ofsaid portion; a cylinder mounted in said portion having an annularsurface at one end for engaging said seat; and a cylindrical surfacespaced therefrom ior engaging in sealing relation a cylindrical surfacein said portion; and means adjacent the opposite end of said cylindersecuring said cylinder on said seat. f

19. In an internal combustion engine having means forming a cylinderreceiving portion, the combination of: cylinder head forming meanshaving an annular seat over the outer end of said portion; a cylindermounted in said portion having an annular surface at one end for 18. Inan internal combustion engine having engaging said seat; and a pair ofaxially spaced cylindrical surfaces spaced therefrom for respectivelyengaging in sealing relation, cooperating cylindrical surfaces in saidportion, that cylindrical surface on said cylinder most remote from saidannular surface being of less diameter than the other cylindricalsurface on said cylinder, to facilitate removal of said cylinder throughsaid outer end; and means adjacent the opposite end of said cylindersecuring the4 cylinder on said seat.

20. In an internal combustion engine having means forming a cylinderreceiving portion, the combination of: cylinder head forming meanshaving an annular seat over the outer end of said portion; a cylindermounted in said portion having an annular surface at one end forengaging said seat, said cylinder having a port opening through the wallthereof intermediate its ends: means forming -axially spaced sealsbetween said cylinder and said portion respectively on opposite sides ofsaid port; and means adjacent the opposite end of said cylinder securingsaid cylinder :on said seat.

DONALD W. MORRIS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PA'I'ENTS FOREIGN PATENTS Country Date Great Britain oi1903 Great Britain of 1939 Number Number

